basic functions of management
Management operates through various functions, often classified as planning, organizing, leading/directing, and controlling/monitoring.
- Planning: Deciding what needs to happen in the future (today, next week, next month, next year, over the next 5 years, etc.) and generating plans for action.
- Organizing: (Implementation) making optimum use of the resources required to enable the successful carrying out of plans.
- Staffing: Job Analyzing, recruitment, and hiring individuals for appropriate jobs.
- Leading/directing: Determining what needs to be done in a situation and getting people to do it.
- Controlling/Monitoring, checking progress against plans, which may need modification based on feedback.
ulti-divisional management hierarchy
The management of a large organization may have three levels:
- Senior Management (or "top management" or "upper management")
- Middle Management
- Low-level management, such as supervisior or team - leader
- Foreman
- Rank and File
- Top-level management
- Require an extensive knowledge of management roles and skills.
- They have to be very aware of external factors such as markets.
- Their decisions are generally of a long-term nature
- Their decisions are made using analytic, directive, conceptual and/or behavioral/participative processes
- They are responsible for strategic decisions.
- They have to chalk out the plan and see that plan may be effective in the future.
- They are executive in nature.
- Middle management
- Mid-level managers have a specialized understanding of certain managerial tasks.
- They are responsible for carrying out the decisions made by top-level management.
- Lower management
- This level of management ensures that the decisions and plans taken by the other two are carried out.
- Lower-level managers' decisions are generally short-term ones.
- Foreman / lead hand
- They are people who have direct supervision over the working force in office factory, sales field or other workgroup or areas of activity.
- Rank and File
- The responsibilities of the persons belonging to this group are even more restricted and more specific than those of the foreman.