tugas Bahasa Inggris 2

COMPREHENSION 1

1. What is decision-making?
Decision-making is one of the most important tasks a manager perform

2. What are the six steps of ideal decision-making process?
The six steps of ideal decision-making process are step 1 : define problem, step 2: define expectation, step 3 : gather data, step4 : develop alternatives, step 5 : evaluate alternatives, step 6 : choose best alternative

3. Defining the problem involves two steps. What are they?
Two step which involves in defining the problem are careful analysis of a situation in order to state the problem and determine its cause

4. What is expected result after solving the problem of low production?
The expected result after solving the problem of low is to increase the output of the factory

5. Where can data be obtained?
Data can be obtained from a variety of sources : observations, surveys, or published research

6. What does the decision-maker do after obtaining data?
After obtaining data,the decision-maker does

7. What is the main idea of paragraph 5?
The main idea of paragraps 5 is the decision-maker develops feasible alternative, or potential solutions to the problem.


COMPREHENSION 2

1. What elements are combined in the decision-making?
Elements are combined in the decision-making are the most complicated elements of the operational and theoretical aspects of management

2. What offer influences the final decision?
The final decision is frequently influenced more by the environment and stucture of the organization than by the method itself

3. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
The main idea of paragraph 2 is from one of the factor social and cultural background affects the interaction among people involved in the decision process and provides the cultural framework

4. What are the controlling factors in decision-making process?
The controlling factors in decision-making process are the amount of flexibility within an organization and the available resources (such as facilities, technology or fiscal reserves)

5. How is the relative importance of a decision determined?
the relative of decision is determined by weighed against the amount of effort involved in finding a solution and the benefit the company will receive from its implementation

6. What is the main idea of paragraph 4?
the main idea of paragraph 4 is three factors which influence the following of a model decision prosses (time, creativity and risk) may affect the workability of a group process, although research shows that groups often come up with better solutions than individuals.

7. What does the time factor affect?
The time factor may affect the creativity of solution to a problem

8. Why do you think the risk may be lessened by use of a group rather than an individual decision-maker?
I think the risk may be lessened by use of group rather than individual decision-maker because with use of group we can handle a lot of problems with a lot of decisions and it feel so easiy rather than individual.

9. In an ideal decision-making model, how do the managers work?
In an ideal decision-making model the managers work by themselves, free of restrictions of time, data, and resources

10. How is the reality of the decision process?
The reality of the decision process is much less a step-by-step procedure than it is a series of practical considerations directly influenced by the social, cultural, and organizational environment.